Fig. 7
High GPNMB expression in GBM are negatively prognostic for the disease course and positively correlated for the expression of immune checkpoint markers. A Kaplan–Meier survival curves of GBM patients based on GPNMB expression in the CGGA data set. Left: Cutoff set by median GPNMB expression into GPNMBhigh (n = 188, events = 162) and GPNMBlow (n = 189, events = 152). Right: Cutoff by top/low 25% GPNMB expression set into GPNMBhigh (top 25%; n = 94, events = 81) and GPNMBlow (low 25%; n = 94, events = 73). B Kaplan–Meier survival estimates of GBM patients based on GPNMB expression in the TCGA data set. Left: Cutoff set by median GPNMB expression into GPNMBhigh (n = 258, events = 223) and GPNMBlow (n = 255, events = 212). Right: Cutoff by top/low 25% GPNMB expression set into GPNMBhigh (top 25%; n = 128, events = 114) and GPNMBlow (low 25%; n = 128, events = 106). Statistical analysis was performed using Log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test, Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test and Hazard Ratio (Mantel–Haenszel). C Gene expression of immune checkpoint markers (Top: PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA4, TIM3 and BTLA; Bottom: ICOS, ICOSLG, GATA3, CD47 and SIRP-alpha) in GPNMBhigh (top 25%; n = 94) and GPNMBlow (low 25%; n = 94) primary GBM. Data from CGGA. D Representative core region staining of PD-1 (left), CD3 (middle) and merge with DAPI (right; PD-1 = yellow, CD3 = red, DAPI = blue) of brain slices from tumor-bearing WT and KO. Scale bar represents 20 µm. The graphs (left, core: WT n = 6, KO n = 7; right, IE: WT n = 6, KO n = 7) show the summary data from WT and KO mice. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-test. Error bars represent SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001