Fig. 2

a–c Immunostaining of SGNs nuclei for 53BP1 in combination with DAPI demonstrated the presence of DNA in a PDDF. 45d post-IR. d–l Double immunolabeling for yH2AX in combination with pATM (d–f), and 53BP1 in combination with either Ub-H2A (g–i) or WRAP53 (j–l) demonstrated the colocalization of all these DNA damage signaling and repair factors in PDDF. 45d post-IR. Scale bar: a-l = 5 μm. m–o Western blot analysis of the expression levels of pATM (m), Ub-H2A (n) and WRAP53 (o) in sensory ganglion of non-irradiated and irradiated rats exposed to one, two or thee doses of IR (4Gy each; n = 3 animals per group). Note the induction of pATM after IR, and the dose-dependent substantial increase of both pATM and Ub-H2A protein levels. A moderate increase over the basal levels in control ganglion of WRAP53 was also observed upon IR. The expression of alpha-tubulin band was used as a protein loading control, and the fold increase estimated