Fig. 4

Stereological assessments of amyloid plaque burden and gliosis. a Premotor cortex (BA6/8) from the LBC1936 brain contains no amyloid plaques within the cortical tissue. However, some blood vessels within the cortex (insert, black arrow) and around the pial surface (insert, red arrows) exhibit strong amyloid labelling. b LBC1936 BA6/8 region exhibits a dense network of GFAP staining in layer 1 of the cortex, with small patches of GFAP-positive cells scattered through the other cortical layers. c BA6/8 from the AD case contains a very high amyloid burden throughout the cortex. Despite the presence of cortical plaques (insert, red arrowheads) the pial vessels were largely devoid of labelling (insert, black arrowheads). d GFAP-positive cells were found throughout the AD BA6/8 cortical region and often found around plaque-like structures. Large scale bars = 1 mm, insert scale bars = 0.2 mm. e Histogram showing amyloid burden in eight cortical regions and the hippocampus in the LBC1936 case (black bars) and the AD case (grey bars). f Histogram showing GFAP burdens in eight cortical regions and the hippocampus from the LBC1936 and AD cases