Figure 17
Plasma cytokine/chemokine analysis (long term study). Luminex analysis (Th1/Th2 mouse cytokine/chemokine detection kit) was used to determine immunostimulatory responses induced by CpG ODN in the plasma of 3xTg-AD mice. Results are expressed as pg/ml of TNFα, IFNγ, IL12p70, IL6, IP10, MCP1, IL1β, IL10, IL4, and IL13. Statistical analysis of cytokine /chemokine profiles in plasma collected pre and 4 hrs post CpG ODN i.p. injection revealed significant differences ( A - R ). See Results section for p values. An evident increase in most measured cytokines/chemokines was observed in both study groups. However, IL1β was detected at very low levels and no differences were observed between groups ( G , P ). In addition, IL4 levels were near the limit of detection (data not shown). As expected, reduced cytokine levels were detected in plasma collected 2 weeks post CpG ODN injection ( A - R ). See Results section for p values. Data are presented as cytokine responses in plasma samples collected after the 1st injection from 7 ( A - I ) and 11 ( J - R ) month old Tg-control and Tg-CpG ODN mice. No apparent differences in cytokine levels were observed between the groups at the time of sacrifice (data not shown). Overall, administration of CpG ODN was effective in inducing immunostimulatory response in the absence of excessive and chronic inflammation in both treatment groups.